PSG has now secured the prestigious trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.